This course is designed to undertake a study of the civil rights struggle of African Americans from the end of the Civil War to the 21st Century. Students will examine how the constitutional rights granted after emancipation were nullified by the enactment of segregation laws, Supreme Court decisions, violence and other methods. The black response to racism will be investigated by looking at the role played by black leaders, and the civil rights movement. The persistence of the race issue and black inequality will also be studied.